綜合布線知識點：如何判斷電晶體好壞

綜合布線中的電晶體主要分為晶體二極體、晶體三極體、可控矽和場效應管等，其中最常用的就是晶體二極體和晶體三極體。

如何判斷電晶體好壞？

晶體二極體：用萬用表測試二極體的正負極，當測得為幾百Ω或幾千Ω時，二極體的正向電阻，這時萬用表的負表筆所接的為負極，正表筆所接的為正極。一般來說，二極體的正反向電阻相差越懸殊越好，但如果反向電阻為無窮大，表示其內部斷線；正反向電阻一樣大，這樣的二極體也有問題；正反向電阻都為零表示已短路。

晶體三極體：用萬用表測試二極體的正負極，當測NPN型管時，正表筆接發射極，負表筆接集電極，測出的阻值一般應為幾千Ω以上，這時在基極和集電極之間串接一個100千Ω的電阻，如果阻值明顯減少且變化大，說明三極體放大能力強；，如果變化很小或根本沒有變化，說明三極體放大能力弱或沒有放大能力。

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How to judge whether a transistor is good or bad?

Crystal diode: Use a multimeter to test the positive and negative electrodes of the diode. When the measured value is hundreds of Ω or thousands of Ω, the forward resistance of the diode. At this time, the negative test lead of the multimeter is connected to the negative electrode and the positive test lead is connected For the positive electrode. Generally speaking, the greater the difference between the forward and reverse resistance of the diode, the better, but if the reverse resistance is infinite, it means that its internal disconnection; the forward and reverse resistance is the same, such a diode is also problematic; All resistances are zero to indicate a short circuit.

Transistor: Use a multimeter to test the positive and negative electrodes of the diode. When testing NPN tubes, connect the positive test lead to the emitter and the negative test lead to the collector. The measured resistance should generally be more than several thousand Ω. A resistor of 100 kΩ is connected in series between the collectors. If the resistance is significantly reduced and the change is large, it means that the transistor has a strong amplification ability; if the change is small or no change, it means that the transistor has weak or no amplification ability.

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