综合布线中的晶体管主要分为晶体二极管、晶体三极管、可控硅和场效应管等，其中最常用的就是晶体二极管和晶体三极管。
如何判断晶体管好坏？
晶体二极管：用万用表测试二极管的正负极，当测得为几百Ω或几千Ω时，二极管的正向电阻，这时万用表的负表笔所接的为负极，正表笔所接的为正极。一般来说，二极管的正反向电阻相差越悬殊越好，但如果反向电阻为无穷大，表示其内部断线；正反向电阻一样大，这样的二极管也有问题；正反向电阻都为零表示已短路。
晶体三极管：用万用表测试二极管的正负极，当测NPN型管时，正表笔接发射极，负表笔接集电极，测出的阻值一般应为几千Ω以上，这时在基极和集电极之间串接一个100千Ω的电阻，如果阻值明显减少且变化大，说明三极管放大能力强；，如果变化很小或根本没有变化，说明三极管放大能力弱或没有放大能力。
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How to judge whether a transistor is good or bad?
Crystal diode: Use a multimeter to test the positive and negative electrodes of the diode. When the measured value is hundreds of Ω or thousands of Ω, the forward resistance of the diode. At this time, the negative test lead of the multimeter is connected to the negative electrode and the positive test lead is connected For the positive electrode. Generally speaking, the greater the difference between the forward and reverse resistance of the diode, the better, but if the reverse resistance is infinite, it means that its internal disconnection; the forward and reverse resistance is the same, such a diode is also problematic; All resistances are zero to indicate a short circuit.
Transistor: Use a multimeter to test the positive and negative electrodes of the diode. When testing NPN tubes, connect the positive test lead to the emitter and the negative test lead to the collector. The measured resistance should generally be more than several thousand Ω. A resistor of 100 kΩ is connected in series between the collectors. If the resistance is significantly reduced and the change is large, it means that the transistor has a strong amplification ability; if the change is small or no change, it means that the transistor has weak or no amplification ability.
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